Pyometra is a serious and life-threatening infection of the uterus that can affect unspayed (not neutered) female dogs and cats, especially as they get older. It is a veterinary emergency — if not treated quickly, it can lead to organ failure and even death.
What Causes Pyometra?
Every heat cycle (estrus) causes hormonal changes in a female pet’s body. Over time, if a pet isn’t spayed, these changes make the uterus more prone to infection.
Bacteria (usually E. coli) from the vagina can travel up into the uterus, and if the immune system can’t fight them off, pus builds up — causing pyometra.
Who Is at Risk?
- Unspayed female dogs or cats (especially over 6 years old)
- Pets who’ve had repeated heat cycles
- Pets that were given hormone injections to stop heat
Signs of Pyometra
Symptoms can be mild at first but quickly become severe. Watch out for:
- Loss of appetite
- Vomiting or diarrhoea
- Drinking and urinating more than usual
- Lethargy or weakness
- Swollen abdomen
- Pus or bloody discharge from the vulva (in “open” pyometra)
- No discharge but signs of illness (in “closed” pyometra – more dangerous)
If you notice any combination of these signs in your unspayed female pet, get veterinary help immediately.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Your vet may perform:
- Physical exam
- Blood tests (to check white blood cell count and organ function)
- Ultrasound or X-rays to confirm if the uterus is enlarged and filled with pus
How Is It Treated?
Emergency surgery (spay) is the most common and effective treatment — the infected uterus is removed. Supportive care with IV fluids, antibiotics, and pain relief are also needed.
In very early or mild cases (especially in valuable breeding animals), some vets may try medical treatment with hormones and antibiotics — but this carries higher risks and a chance of recurrence.
Can Pyometra Be Prevented?
✅ YES — by spaying your pet.
Spaying removes the uterus and ovaries, completely preventing pyometra and also reducing the risk of mammary (breast) tumors.
Vet’s Advice:
Pyometra is one of the most dangerous conditions we see in female pets — and it comes on quickly. If your pet is not spayed and becomes quiet, stops eating, or has any discharge, don’t wait — call us right away. Early action can save her life.